Friday, June 27, 2014

Fwd: NASA and Human Spaceflight News - Friday – June 27, 2014 and JSC Today



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Begin forwarded message:

From: "Moon, Larry J. (JSC-EA411)" <larry.j.moon@nasa.gov>
Date: June 27, 2014 11:23:20 AM CDT
To: "Moon, Larry J. (JSC-EA411)" <larry.j.moon@nasa.gov>
Subject: FW: NASA and Human Spaceflight News - Friday – June 27, 2014 and JSC Today

Happy Friday everyone.   Have a safe and dry weekend.    Don't forget, our monthly NASA retiree luncheon has been delayed to Thursday July 10th.

 

 

JSC Logo

 

 

 

 

   Headlines

  1. The Final Voyage of FedTraveler

At long last, the day is finally here. Today, June 27, is the last working day for FedTraveler. The new travel management system, CGE, will begin operation Monday morning, June 30.

Current travel system users will receive an email Monday morning from the CGE system administrator with login information. The current JSC Travel Help Desk will continue to support users in the new CGE system. The LF21\Travel Services Team will be operating a CGE Transition Operations Center to assist the JSC traveling community. The Operations Center will open at 8 a.m. Monday, June 30, in Building 12, Room 142, and will be staffed through Friday, July 11.

As a reminder, today is the last day that approved travel authorizations can be ticketed in FedTraveler. All travel authorizations that were not approved by June 25 will be cancelled and must be recreated in CGE.

Questions? Email us!

Alan Miyamoto x36500 https://insidecfo.jsc.nasa.gov/sbs/cge/SitePages/Home.aspx

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  1. New Roundup Highlights Orion's First Test Flight

The summer Roundup, now online, features a bevy of interesting content that includes, but is not limited to: Orion's first test flight; spiders in space; JSC's elite group of inventors; space station springtime activities; the Modified Advanced Crew Escape Suit's performance while astronauts mine mock asteroids; wearable technology with impressive gadgetry interwoven; the closing of JSC's Arc Jet facilities; and more! Also meet Scientific Photographer Lauren Harnett, who has the cool job of documenting JSC's 2.0 story with beautiful imagery. Crack the Roundup open and see what awaits you this edition.

Want to get the Roundup delivered to you as soon as it's posted online? Join our listserver and be "in the know" before the rest of your colleagues.

JSC External Relations, Office of Communications and Public Affairs x35111 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/roundup/roundup_toc.html

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  1. ISS Science on Diabetes Featured This Sunday

Get your coffee or expresso brewing this Sunday, June 29, as ABC KTRK Channel 13 will feature Lead Increment Scientist Yuri Guinart-Ramirez and Lead Increment Scientist Representative Andrew Tucker on Viva Houston with host Erik Barajas. The show will air at 5:30 a.m. and highlight the cutting-edge research being done aboard our orbiting laboratory on diabetes.

Not an early bird? Look for the segment to be posted online afterward.

JSC External Relations, Office of Communications and Public Affairs x35111

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  1. Recent JSC Announcement

Please visit the JSC Announcements (JSCA) Web page to view the newly posted announcement:

JSCA 14-012: Communications with Industry Procurement Solicitation for Center Safety and Fire Operations Contract

Archived announcements are also available on the JSCA Web page.

Linda Turnbough x36246 http://ird.jsc.nasa.gov/DocumentManagement/announcements/default.aspx

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   Jobs and Training

  1. Writing That Works – Enroll Today

Improve your productivity and your career in this lively seminar on how to make your writing clear, complete, concise and convincing. Whether you write about outer space or office space, this proven seminar will make a difference. It cannot take all the pain out of writing, but it can remove a lot of the guesswork ... and that's half the battle.

Pre-work, classroom participation and coaching sessions are involved.

Writing That Works

Dates: July 22 to 25

Time: 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. CDT

Location: Building 12, Room 154

Registration required via SATERN:

https://satern.nasa.gov/learning/user/deeplink_redirect.jsp?linkId=REGISTRATI...

Nicole Hernandez x37894

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   Community

  1. Add THIS to Your Summer Fun Bucket List

New, piping-HOT volunteer opportunities in V-CORPs! Add it to your summer fun bucket list, and put inspiring others as your next to-do item.

    • Talk to a future engineering student about aerospace engineering or materials/structures. Student Interview and Inspiration event is listed on June 27 (but you can arrange a convenient time/date).
    • Got insights? Evaluate the safety protocol for a student's Intel Science and Engineering Fair Project involving a Lockwood Pulse Jet engine. Sign up for the Student Project Evaluator/SME event on June 27—but the date/time is negotiable.
    • The Pasadena Public Library (PPL) is hosting PPL Talks: Space Exploration! Speak during one of their weekly sessions about space exploration. Sign up on July 2 (but they, too, are open to alternate dates).
    • Are you a pilot or a past/present member of the Civil Air Patrol? The Thunderbird Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol would get a thrill having someone from NASA talk at their monthly Aerospace Education Night on July 8. Other dates are possible, too.
    • ASK NASA! The EMERGE Employee Resource Group is hosting a booth inside Rocket Park on Fridays all summer long. Talk to guests touring Rocket Park, answer questions and tell YOUR STORY about YOUR WORK at NASA! There are many dates to choose from in V-CORPs.
    • Moon, Near-Earth Asteroid, Mars and Beyond! JSC's Education Office is hosting educators who teach STEM to 6th – 8th grade students. They need YOU—to talk about current and future NASA missions on July 31.

Questions? Contact the V-CORPs administrator.

V-CORPs 281-792-5859

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JSC Today is compiled periodically as a service to JSC employees on an as-submitted basis. Any JSC organization or employee may submit articles.

Disclaimer: Accuracy and content of these notes are the responsibility of the submitters.

 

 

NASA and Human Spaceflight News

Friday – June 27, 2014

HEADLINES AND LEADS

NASA's deep-space craft readying for launch

Carter Maguire – CNN

 

(CNN) -- The U.S. space shuttle program retired in 2011, leaving American astronauts to hitchhike into orbit. But after three long years, NASA's successor is almost ready to make an entrance. Orion, the agency's newest manned spaceship, is being prepared for its first mission in December. In future missions, it will journey into deep space -- to Mars and beyond -- farther than humans have ever gone before.

 

"Out of this World Cup": U.S. vs. Germany in zero gravity

Michael Roppolo – CBS News

 

As the U.S. and Germany face off in the World Cup, a friendly rivalry between their fans is playing out in space. Two American astronauts, Reid Wiseman and Steve Swanson, and one German, Alexander Gerst, are sharing tight quarters aboard the International Space Station. "I believe we will win," Wiseman told ESPN on Tuesday. "We've already looked at our schedules for Thursday to see how we can sneak in a few peeks at the game...and you better believe we'll be watching."

 

The astronauts on the International Space Station had a World Cup party that was … out of this world

Abby Phillip – Washington Post

 

The astronauts aboard the International Space Station aren't going to miss out on all those World Cup celebrations back on Earth. Two Americans — Steven Swanson and Twitter star Reid Wiseman — got together with German astronaut Alexander Gerst to record a minute-long World Cup-inspired video that can only be described as pure, unadulterated, zero-gravity joy. (END)

 

NASA's New Orion Spacecraft and Space Launch System

Alan Taylor – The Atlantic

 

Since the end of the Space Shuttle program, NASA technicians have been developing a new Space Launch System (SLS), along with a new manned spacecraft named Orion, designed to once again lift astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit, and return them safely home.

 

NASA's Orion Completes Extreme Drop Test

Ian O'Neill – Discovery.com

 

NASA's next-generation spaceship has successfully completed its most challenging test to date: being dropped from a plane at 35,000 feet (6.6 miles) and parachuting to Earth safely. The drop test of the Orion test vehicle was carried out over the U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground in the Arizona Desert on Wednesday and was designed to give the vehicle's three huge parachutes a trial run before another space-bound Orion test vehicle carries out an orbital test in December, called Exploration Flight Test (EFT)-1.

 

Rocket launched today from Wallops Island

The Virginian-Pilot

 

A Terrier-Improved suborbital sounding rocket carrying experiments developed by students launched this morning from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. The launch, shortly before 7:25 a.m., is part of the space agency's Rock On! Program, a NASA

 

How to design a spacesuit for landing on an asteroid

Mark Piesing – Wired

 

Earlier this year around 230,000 people participated in a vote to choose the outer skin of Nasa's new Z-2 planetary exploration spacesuit. Yet for humanity's first manned mission into deep space Nasa isn't actually planning to use this brand-new, if bulky, spacesuit. Instead the two astronauts who land their Orion capsule on an asteroid yet to be chosen (at some point after 2020) will wear the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission Suit whose technology has its origins in the U2 spy plane missions and the Apollo programme.  This new suit will actually be a modified launch/entry suit for the Orion combined with Nasa's new portable life support system (or PLSS) for space walks.

 

Watch NASA test-fire a 'Mini-Me' version of its new Space Launch System

Lee Roop – Huntsville Times

 

Here's a risk of launching big rockets you might not have thought of: High-frequency sound waves from the engines at liftoff are actually a threat. NASA has to find a way to turn down the launch volume to protect the rocket and astronauts on board. Building the biggest rocket since the Saturn V - the Space Launch System - means a lot of testing before the full-scale launches now planned in 2017 and 2021. So NASA has built a mini-version of SLS- complete with side-mounted boosters - and is test-firing it this summer at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville. The model is 5 percent the size of the real SLS but otherwise identical in shape. NASA also tested a scale model of the space shuttle before it flew, and that model is still kept at the Marshall test area.

 

Congressman: We Need Neil DeGrasse Tyson To Get People Excited About Going To Mars

Jennifer Bendery – Huffington Post

 

WASHINGTON -- House lawmakers met Wednesday to tackle a daunting task: how to keep Congress committed to investing hundreds of billions of dollars into a decades-long plan to send humans to Mars. A manned mission to Mars has long been the stuff of science fiction, but it's one of NASA's biggest projects as part of its larger goal of laying the groundwork for permanent human settlements in the solar system. William Gerstenmaier, an associate administrator at NASA, told a Senate committee in April that the agency is currently focused on intermediate space missions but hopes to build up to long-duration space travel.

 

COMPLETE STORIES

NASA's deep-space craft readying for launch

Carter Maguire – CNN

 

(CNN) -- The U.S. space shuttle program retired in 2011, leaving American astronauts to hitchhike into orbit. But after three long years, NASA's successor is almost ready to make an entrance.

 

Orion, the agency's newest manned spaceship, is being prepared for its first mission in December. In future missions, it will journey into deep space -- to Mars and beyond -- farther than humans have ever gone before.

 

Orion comes loaded with superlatives. It boasts the largest heat shield ever built and a computer 400 times faster than the ones on the space shuttles. It will be launched into space on the most powerful rocket NASA has ever made.

 

No astronauts will be aboard the December flight, which will test the spacecraft's systems for future manned missions.

 

Final work on the spacecraft is under way at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Orion came one step closer to completion this month with the stacking of the crew module atop the service module.

 

"Now that we're getting so close to launch, the spacecraft completion work is visible every day," Orion Program Manager Mark Geyer said in a statement.

A 3,600-mile journey

 

When complete, the Orion capsule will resemble a fencing foil, with a tall spire shooting up from a rounded base. At the top will sit a launch abort system, with downward-facing thrusters that would save the crew from a jarring crash in the event of a rocket malfunction.

 

The bottom portion, the service module, will perform various functions such as in-space propulsion and cargo storage. Nestled between the two will be the crew module, capable of supporting human life from launch until recovery.

 

Attached to the service module will be a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket. For the first time since the space shuttle's debut launch in 1981, the crew compartment will ride on the tip of the rocket rather than hanging onto its side, evoking the configuration of the famous Apollo or Gemini missions.

 

Come December, Orion will be wheeled onto the Cape Canaveral launch pad and the countdown will begin. If all goes as planned, the engines will rumble and its rocket will thunder in an explosion of liquid oxygen, thrusting it toward the stars.

 

The rocket will carry the modules 3,600 miles above Earth, or about 16 times higher than the average altitude of the International Space Station. Orion "is built to take humans farther than they've ever gone before," NASA says.

 

Orion will orbit our planet twice on its own during a 4½-hour journey before screaming back into the Earth's atmosphere at nearly 20,000 miles per hour and splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.

 

Future missions

Orion astronauts will enjoy access to unprecedented space travel technology.

 

NASA says the spacecraft's onboard computer system can process 480 million instructions per second, which is 400 times faster than the systems on the space shuttle and 4,000 times faster than those on the Apollo flights of the 1960s and early 1970s.

 

Orion also boasts the largest heat shield ever built, designed to withstand temperatures that would cause a nuclear reactor to melt down.

 

"Orion's flight test will provide us with important data that will help us test out systems and further refine the design so we can safely send humans far into the solar system to uncover new scientific discoveries on future missions," Geyer said.

 

After Orion splashes down, NASA will begin preparing the spacecraft for the future manned missions for which it was designed.

 

"In the future, Orion will launch on NASA's new heavy-lift rocket, the Space Launch System," the agency said. "More powerful than any rocket ever built, SLS will be capable of sending humans to deep space destinations such as an asteroid and eventually Mars."

 

The first astronauts will travel into space aboard Orion in 2017. NASA hopes its Exploration Mission-1, a 25-day flight around the moon's dark side, will demonstrate Orion's reliability for deep space missions.

 

Exploration Mission-1 will send four astronauts farther than any human has been since the last Apollo moon mission in 1972, laying the groundwork for future endeavors.

 

NASA hopes Orion will ring in a new era for crewed American space exploration, and American flags may someday fly on more space outposts than just the moon.

 

NASA's bold plan: Landing people on asteroids

 

"Out of this World Cup": U.S. vs. Germany in zero gravity

Michael Roppolo – CBS News

 

As the U.S. and Germany face off in the World Cup, a friendly rivalry between their fans is playing out in space.

 

Two American astronauts, Reid Wiseman and Steve Swanson, and one German, Alexander Gerst, are sharing tight quarters aboard the International Space Station.

 

"I believe we will win," Wiseman told ESPN on Tuesday. "We've already looked at our schedules for Thursday to see how we can sneak in a few peeks at the game...and you better believe we'll be watching."

 

In the spirit of the competition, NASA released a video with Swanson, Weiseman and Gerst showing off their soccer skills in zero gravity. NASA dubbed it an "Out of this World Cup" match.

 

The rivalry spilled over into the astronauts' Twitter feeds from 260 miles above the Earth.

 

"If the U.S. wins, these guys are going to draw a little U.S. flag on my head, but I think if Germany wins these guys should have to shave their heads," Gerst said. "Either way I'm looking forward to the game. It's going to be fun."

 

The astronauts on the International Space Station had a World Cup party that was … out of this world

Abby Phillip – Washington Post

 

The astronauts aboard the International Space Station aren't going to miss out on all those World Cup celebrations back on Earth.

 

Two Americans — Steven Swanson and Twitter star Reid Wiseman — got together with German astronaut Alexander Gerst to record a minute-long World Cup-inspired video that can only be described as pure, unadulterated, zero-gravity joy.

 

NASA's New Orion Spacecraft and Space Launch System

Alan Taylor – The Atlantic

 

Since the end of the Space Shuttle program, NASA technicians have been developing a new Space Launch System (SLS), along with a new manned spacecraft named Orion, designed to once again lift astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit, and return them safely home. Years of development and testing are leading up to the first planned (unmanned) launch of Orion in December, sending it 3,600 miles into space atop a Delta 4 Heavy booster. The complete system is scheduled for a an unmanned lunar-orbit test in 2017. Long-term, Orion and the SLS will serve as both transport and a home to astronauts during future long-duration missions to an asteroid, Mars and other destinations throughout our solar system. [35 photos]

 

NASA's Orion Completes Extreme Drop Test

Ian O'Neill – Discovery.com

 

NASA's next-generation spaceship has successfully completed its most challenging test to date: being dropped from a plane at 35,000 feet (6.6 miles) and parachuting to Earth safely.

 

The drop test of the Orion test vehicle was carried out over the U.S. Army's Yuma Proving Ground in the Arizona Desert on Wednesday and was designed to give the vehicle's three huge parachutes a trial run before another space-bound Orion test vehicle carries out an orbital test in December, called Exploration Flight Test (EFT)-1.

 

NEWS: Deep-Space Orion Capsule Arrives for Test Flight

 

During the Arizona test, engineers wanted to see how the vehicle's parachutes coped with increased stresses. After being pulled from the C-17 aircraft, Orion was allowed 10 seconds of freefall before the entire sequence of parachute deployment was carried out. The freefall added extra aerodynamic pressure to the system, helping engineers ensure the descent will be safe for astronauts when Orion becomes operational.

 

"We've put the parachutes through their paces in ground and airdrop testing in just about every conceivable way before we begin sending them into space on EFT-1 before the year's done," said Orion Program Manager Mark Geyer in a NASA news release. "The series of tests has proven the system and will help ensure crew and mission safety for our astronauts in the future."

 

NEWS: NASA Testing Alternative Orion Capsule

 

During the EFT-1, an unmanned Orion will be blasted 3,600 miles into space, reaching speeds of 20,000 miles per hour and will experience temperatures near 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit during atmospheric reentry. The vehicle will then splash down in the Pacific Ocean, after being slowed to just 20 miles per hour by the parachute system.

 

After the EFT-1 is complete, further tests of the parachute system will be carried out. One test will involve the Orion descending with just 2 of the three main parachutes deployed to simulate a 'chute failure, making sure the vehicle can still land a crew safely.

 

Rocket launched today from Wallops Island

The Virginian-Pilot

 

A Terrier-Improved suborbital sounding rocket carrying experiments developed by students launched this morning from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility.

 

The launch, shortly before 7:25 a.m., is part of the space agency's Rock On! Program, a NASA news release says. The rocket was expected to soar up 70 miles, land in the Atlantic Ocean and be recovered for students to perform data analysis.

 

The students in the program build experiments in three days that measure acceleration, spin rate, radiation, humidity, pressure and temperature during a rocket flight.

 

The rocket also was carrying more complex experiments from the RockSat-C program that were developed by students from colleges in North Carolina, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. 


How to design a spacesuit for landing on an asteroid

Mark Piesing – Wired

 

Earlier this year around 230,000 people participated in a vote to choose the outer skin of Nasa's new Z-2 planetary exploration spacesuit.

 

Yet for humanity's first manned mission into deep space Nasa isn't actually planning to use this brand-new, if bulky, spacesuit.

 

Instead the two astronauts who land their Orion capsule on an asteroid yet to be chosen (at some point after 2020) will wear the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission Suit whose technology has its origins in the U2 spy plane missions and the Apollo programme.  This new suit will actually be a modified launch/entry suit for the Orion combined with Nasa's new portable life support system (or PLSS) for space walks.

 

"When I told my team they hated me for it," Raul Blanco, chief of Nasa's Space Suit and Crew Survival Systems Branch told Wired.co.uk. "But the capsule on the first mission has no airlock for the Z-2 suit. If the capsule crashed and they were wearing the Z-2 suit rather than a launch/entry suit then it would break every bone of the astronauts' bodies."

 

"[The asteroid suit] will be a great launch suit and an acceptable -- though not ideal -- extra-vehicular activity (EVA) suit," he added.

 

Blanco is one of the authors of the May 2014 Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission Space Suit and EVA System Architecture Trade Study which chose what the astronauts would likely be wearing on the mission sometime in the early to mid-2020s.

 

One version of the Nasa's Asteroid Redirect Mission is to identify a small asteroid about 10 metres in size, launch a robot spacecraft out to meet it, capture it in a large bag, tow it into a stable lunar orbit and then send two astronauts to take samples from it. The other is for the robot space to grab a similar sized boulder off an asteroid rather than catching one whole. Nasa has just announced that the mission to capture the asteroid is expected to launch in 2019.

 

For Raul Blanco, designing the asteroid suit is the ultimate challenge, since "nothing like this has ever been done before as we have never been so far from home before". And also, perhaps, nothing like this has been done before on such a limited budget.

 

The astronauts will have to wear the suit in the capsule for the whole month's duration of the mission and be able to undertake two spacewalks of four hours each in the same suit. In contrast, the Apollo mission took three days each way.

 

For the spacewalks, the astronauts will dock their capsule with the robotic craft that has captured the asteroid. After depressurising the whole capsule (which could take up to half an hour); the astronauts will then exit through the hatch, climb down the side of the lander and finally step onto -- or more likely float over -- the surface of the asteroid for the first time.

 

Watch NASA test-fire a 'Mini-Me' version of its new Space Launch System

Lee Roop – Huntsville Times

 

Here's a risk of launching big rockets you might not have thought of: High-frequency sound waves from the engines at liftoff are actually a threat. NASA has to find a way to turn down the launch volume to protect the rocket and astronauts on board.

 

Building the biggest rocket since the Saturn V - the Space Launch System - means a lot of testing before the full-scale launches now planned in 2017 and 2021. So NASA has built a mini-version of SLS- complete with side-mounted boosters - and is test-firing it this summer at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville. The model is 5 percent the size of the real SLS but otherwise identical in shape. NASA also tested a scale model of the space shuttle before it flew, and that model is still kept at the Marshall test area.

 

"This test is unique because it's like going through the steps of a true launch, only on a much smaller scale," Marshall acoustics engineer Jeremy Kenny said in a recent report on the testing.

 

The scale model has more than 200 sensors to record data. It also has some of the new 3D "printed" parts that NASA expects to replace an increasing number of machined parts as the space program goes forward. Watch a short NASA video about the test and the 3D parts below.

 

So, how does NASA turn down the volume to safe levels? The classic way is still the best way. Point huge streams of water at the rocket during launch.

 

NASA using 3D parts in SLS test

 

Congressman: We Need Neil DeGrasse Tyson To Get People Excited About Going To Mars

Jennifer Bendery – Huffington Post

 

WASHINGTON -- House lawmakers met Wednesday to tackle a daunting task: how to keep Congress committed to investing hundreds of billions of dollars into a decades-long plan to send humans to Mars.

 

A manned mission to Mars has long been the stuff of science fiction, but it's one of NASA's biggest projects as part of its larger goal of laying the groundwork for permanent human settlements in the solar system. William Gerstenmaier, an associate administrator at NASA, told a Senate committee in April that the agency is currently focused on intermediate space missions but hopes to build up to long-duration space travel.

 

But if humans are ever going to reach Mars, a panel told the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, it's going to require steadfast public enthusiasm, the support of multiple presidential administrations, international cooperation, private sector involvement and, perhaps most challenging, a bipartisan agreement in Congress to keep funding the venture for at least another 30 years.

 

"We're going to have to hold hands. Not just the first Congress that agrees to [the plan], but that's got to be transmitted somehow to those who follow," said former Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels (R), who co-chairs the National Research Council's Committee on Human Spaceflight. Daniels presented the House committee with a new report that calls on lawmakers to settle on a long-term strategy for a Mars mission and commit to seeing it through.

 

So how to keep the momentum going? One congressman had a solution: Neil deGrasse Tyson.

 

"Anything short of getting America out of the mall for 15 minutes and away from 'Dancing With The Stars' for 15 minutes, and letting Neil deGrasse Tyson talk to each one of them for 15 minutes, you know, we could probably pass a constitutional amendment to fund that," said Rep. Bill Posey (R-Fla.).

 

Posey may have been half-joking, but it's not a terrible idea to bring Tyson into the fold. The wildly popular astrophysicist and author has rejuvenated national interest in space with his show, "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey." He even has his own groupies, who ply him with questions and requests for autographs at speeches he gives around the country.

 

The Huffington Post reached out to Tyson to see if he would be wiling to come to Capitol Hill and talk to lawmakers about the importance of a manned Mars mission. His spokeswoman said he's on vacation and away through most of July.

 

Daniels, who is also currently the president of Purdue University, told House lawmakers he knows it's "not the natural state of affairs" to expect a constantly changing Congress to sustain support for a long-term, costly and experimental project. But this case is different, he said.

 

"I just start with a very simple question: Do you want to go to Mars or don't you?" he asked. "I think we have to start with a Congress that perhaps requested, demanded, a set of choices from NASA [and] embraced one, hopefully on the broadest possible basis ... that people could look back on and say, 'We'd be violating faith with this great adventure if we took a sudden detour.'"

 

 

END

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